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  • Journal of China Economics. 2025, 1(13): 81-105.
    数字化转型为企业擘画了一幅崭新的蓝图,是体现我国经济高质量发展的重要一环。本文选取我国沪深A股2010~2021年的上市公司作为样本,实证分析企业“言行不一”的数字化转型对股价的具体影响,并探讨数字化转型“言行不一”的可能成因。研究发现,“言行不一”的数字化转型会使得企业所面临的股价风险显著增加,并且该结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立。进一步地,探究数字化转型“言行不一”的成因,发现对经济政策不确定性的感知会显著提升企业数字化转型“言”与“行”之间的差距,且亏损企业样本更为明显。异质性检验结果表明,投资者对国有企业“言行不一”的数字化转型行为的容忍度更高。本文为企业数字化转型的两种衡量方式——数字化文本词频与数字化技术占比,提供了具象化的连接桥梁,为增强资本市场稳定、实现经济高质量发展提供了新的见解。
  • Journal of China Economics. 2024, 3(11): 1-38.
    本文聚焦新时代十年的中国创新发展,从理论渊源、理论解释和现实依据三个方面深入阐明新时代十年中国坚持创新发展的基本逻辑,围绕习近平总书记关于创新发展的重要论述和中国创新发展的战略举措系统梳理新时代十年创新发展的实践历程,基于客观翔实的数据真实立体展现新时代十年中国创新发展的重大成就,并结合党的二十大提出的新部署展望新征程上持续深入实施创新驱动发展战略的可行路径。进入新时代以来,在习近平总书记关于创新发展一系列重要论述指引下,中国围绕人才资源、自主创新、基础研究、新兴产业、创新高地、科技成果转化和体制机制等方面推出一系列重大举措,创新发展迈出坚实步伐。新时代十年,中国的创新投入持续增加,创新产出显著增长,创新环境日趋完善,创新效率不断提高,科技进步贡献率明显上升,数字经济加快发展,创新高地加速崛起,创新型国家建设取得重大进展,在全球创新版图的地位不断提升,向建设世界科技强国迈出重要步伐。面向构建新发展格局和推动高质量发展提出的新任务,中国应充分发挥新型举国体制优势、着力加快科技创新赋能高质量发展、推动研发和品牌两端发力、深化创新体制机制改革、加快人才和创新高地建设、推进科技对外开放,为新时期构建新发展格局和实现高质量发展提供更加有力的支撑。
  • AN Bowen XU Peiyuan XIAO Yi HUANG Huan
    Journal of China Economics. 2024, 4(12): 1-47.

    Chinese civilization has always revered the philosophy of the unity
    of man and nature, striving for harmonious coexistence between humans and
    nature. Humans and nature are a community of life. From the new starting point
    of ecological civilization construction, in facing global challenges such as
    climate change and the greenhouse effect, summarizing the Chinese model of
    green governance that synergistically promotes carbon reduction, pollution
    control, greening, and growth holds significant reference value for enhancing
    China’s international discourse power, building a beautiful China where humans
    and nature coexist in harmony, and realizing the Chinese Dream of the great
    rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
    China’s development model has undergone profound transformations, shifting
    from single-dimensional growth to a coordinated approach that integrates carbon
    reduction, pollution control, greening, and growth, showcasing the powerful
    driving force of the systemic view of harmonious coexistence between humans
    and nature, as well as the great practices implemented by the Communist Party of

    China through a multifaceted approach. From the perspective of model

    transformation, the Communist Party of China has evolved from recognizing the
    relationship between humans and nature, to continuously focusing on it,
    exploring it in-depth, and accelerating the promotion of harmonious coexistence
    between humans and nature. China’s development has undergone four models:
    single-dimensional growth, pollution-control growth, pollution-control and
    greening growth, and carbon-reduction, pollution-control, and greening growth,
    achieving a profound transformation from a single-goal to a multi-dimensional
    and coordinated development model. From the source of motivation, the systemic
    view of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature is the practical
    experience and theoretical achievement that the Communist Party of China has
    gained through iterative cycles of practice, understanding, re-practice, and re
    understanding. This systemic view has become the driving force for vigorously
    advancing ecological civilization construction, fostering green development
    models, lifestyles, ways of thinking, and values, as well as building a community
    of life between humans and nature and modernizing in harmony with nature.
    From the perspective of innovation, China has largely established a development
    model that synergistically promotes carbon reduction, pollution control, greening,
    and growth, continuously strengthening the top-level design of modernization for
    harmonious coexistence between humans and nature through solid advancements
    in achieving dual-carbon goals, strengthening environmental pollution
    prevention, intensifying ecological protection efforts, and accelerating the green
    transformation of the development model.
    The construction of a production system where humans and nature coexist
    harmoniously includes the socio-economic system, the resource-environment
    system, and the green transformation method, encompassing four aspects of
    carbon reduction, pollution control, greening, and growth. It embodies various
    collaborative concepts such as development goal coordination, production factor
    coordination, and green transformation coordination. Placing the production
    system of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature within a three
    stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) framework to measure its performance,
    the effectiveness of synergistically promoting carbon reduction, pollution control,
    greening, and growth is evaluated. In the process, the performance of the entire
    system is also decomposed from the perspectives of development goals and input
    factors. Data results show that since the new era, China has achieved significant
    results in synergistically promoting carbon reduction, pollution control, greening,
    and growth. From the perspective of development models, the synergy
    performance of carbon reduction, pollution control, and greening growth is
    higher than that of carbon reduction and pollution control growth, and much
    higher than the performance of single-dimensional growth. From the perspective
    of development goals, the performance levels of the socio-economic system and
    the resource-environment system are continuously improving, and green
    transformation is gradually being internalized as a capability within the two
    subsystems. From the perspective of production factors, the productivity of water
    resources, land, and energy continues to rise. Green transformation not only
    enhances the performance of each factor system but also internalizes the system’s
    self-capacity. From the regional perspective, the four major regions exhibit a
    certain degree of heterogeneity in both overall and subsystem performance, with
    the overall performance showing a divergent trend.

  • Journal of China Economics. 2024, 3(11): 223-250.
    绿色金融工具能否发挥示范功能,引领和推动更大范围内企业绿色低碳发展?这是健全绿色金融体系需要回答的问题,更是推动经济绿色低碳发展需要解决的问题。本文以2010~2022年沪深A股非金融类上市公司为样本,研究绿色债券发行对企业ESG表现的行业溢出效应及其作用机理。研究发现,企业发行绿色债券会显著提升同行业其他企业的ESG表现。机制检验表明,企业发行绿色债券会加剧行业竞争并带动同行业其他企业采取更多有利于环境保护的行动从而提升ESG表现。异质性检验表明,小规模企业、低融资约束企业以及低碳企业的溢出效应更显著。本研究不仅拓展了企业ESG表现影响因素等相关研究,也深化了对绿色债券发行经济后果的认识,为绿色债券市场的发展与政策制定提供有益的参考。
  • Journal of China Economics. 2024, 3(11): 284-320.
    我国数据交易市场规模持续扩大、交易类型日益丰富,数据定价是数据交易的关键环节,一个合适的价格可以激励交易各方促进成交,使数据充分流动。数据要素定价是将数据看作商品,并使用具体模型对其进行定价的行为,涉及信息经济学、计算机科学与人工智能等交叉学科领域。本文首先从实践层面出发,分析数据交易平台现状,具体包括数据平台的不同模式、交易的数据产品类型以及定价方式。其次,从理论层面出发,梳理了数据和数据产品的概念,明确了数据要素定价的对象,并总结了数据要素的五大特征——非竞争性、非稀缺性、排他性、强协同性和价值异质性,这些特征决定了对数据要素进行定价的复杂性。再次,从数据要素价值评估的基本维度、主要数据定价技术以及数据交易市场的主要定价策略三个层面展开,评价了各数据定价方法的优势、局限性和适用性。最后,基于目前数据定价方法研究的不足以及实践中数据定价存在的问题提出区块链赋能实现数据要素使用权与所有权的分离定价、利用隐私保护技术实现数据的分类定价、多领域技术协同构建统一的数据要素价值评估体系以及完善数据交易市场的相关政策法规。
  • Journal of China Economics. 2024, 3(11): 39-80.
    中国全面开展气候治理,正处于经济社会发展的关键历史节点,不仅需要理解中国过去碳排放增长的驱动来源,还需要从国际视角出发,对中国未来碳减排路径进行有效评估和合理判断。尽管发展阶段与具体国情不同,但发达国家碳达峰的实现历程,为中国积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和(简称“双碳”)提供了国际视野和借鉴参考。因此,从更宽视野分析不同国家处在不同工业化阶段,其碳排放的驱动方向和驱动程度可能存在的规律性特征,对于解析中国如何实现“双碳”目标的路径优化具有重要借鉴和启示。鉴于此,本文首先采用指数分解法与生产理论分解法相结合的综合分解框架对全球主要碳排放国家过去二十年的碳排放变化进行回顾性分解。结果表明,中国经济快速增长使得经济产出效应远超同期其他国家。资本能源替代承担了中国过去十余年的减排重任,但国际经验表明伴随工业化进程,资本能源替代效应逐渐减弱,亟须探索碳减排的新动力。随后,对中国2022~2060年碳排放演变路径进行模拟的结果表明,能源结构加速优化与生产技术绿色发展成为中国最有可能的碳减排动力来源,技术效率提升是碳达峰时间节点提前的关键,能源结构调整成为从碳达峰迈向碳中和的主要推动因素。此外,2060年可能仍然存在超过20亿吨的碳中和缺口,需要利用负碳技术做“减法”。积极稳妥实现“双碳”目标,需要因时制宜地采用碳减排对策,短期内应加强国际交流,加速低碳技术扩散与创新,长期则应从供需两侧逐步推动能源结构优化调整。
  • Journal of China Economics. 2024, 3(11): 110-146.
    本文利用2001~2019年中国2845个县级市数据,匹配2000~2013年中国工业企业数据,考察城市收缩对经济增长的影响。研究发现,第一,城市收缩显著地抑制经济增长。数据显示,城市收缩导致经济增长下滑6.91%。细分行业后发现,收缩城市的第一产业增加值下降11.8%,第二产业增加值下降17.8%,第三产业增加值下降30.2%。这意味着,人口流出不仅影响农业部门和工业部门的增加值,而且对于服务部门的负面冲击更大。第二,2008年之后,城市收缩对经济增长的负面冲击进一步强化,城市收缩导致GDP增长下滑12.3%,高于样本期内的平均水平。第三,机制研究表明,城市收缩会通过阻碍全要素生产率的提升,减少研发投入、抑制企业进入、提高企业退出率,最终抑制经济增长。但是,城市收缩不会抑制居民消费。此外,本文还进行了多种稳健性检验,实证结果均不会改变。研究表明,人口流出会造成经济下行,需要统筹城乡发展,推进区域经济均衡增长。
  • WANG Jiangyuan
    Journal of China Economics. 2024, 4(12): 48-77.
    本文基于国际机器人联合会发布的工业机器人安装量数据,研究了以固定资产加速折旧为代表的税收激励政策对企业层面工业机器人渗透度的影响,结果显示:固定资产加速折旧政策的实施显著提升了企业工业机器人渗透度;固定资产加速折旧政策不仅在企业层面形成了融资约束缓解效应,而且对工业机器人渗透度的提升作用在外部资本可得性较低的企业、未获得财政补贴的企业、高强度人力资本行业企业更为显著,融资约束缓解因此被证实是固定资产加速折旧政策影响企业工业机器人渗透度的关键;固定资产加速折旧政策实施所推动的工业机器人渗透度提升最终带来了企业人力资本结构升级以及生产效率、市场价值的提升。
  • Journal of China Economics. 2025, 1(13): 1-25.
    2025年政府工作报告中提出“因地制宜发展新质生产力,加快建设现代化产业体系。”本文综合SRCFS模型与模拟退火算法优化投影寻踪模型确定新质生产力三级指标体系核心要素,采用最小离差法组合赋权和灰色新陈代谢预测模型分别对中国2019~2023年、2025~2035年两个时段的新质生产力进行评价与预测,同时使用自组织映射神经网络聚类法对以上两个时段的新质生产力进行分类和特点分析。研究发现,整体而言中国新质生产力水平在短期及中长期发展过程中都呈现逐年增长态势,但仍存在地区差异;在短期,中国各省区市的新质生产力水平可以划分为发达、中等发达及欠发达三类,其中大部分均未达到发达水平;在中长期,中国各省区市的新质生产力将表现出较为明显的提高,除少数省区市外基本达到中等发达及以上水平。因此,在培育和发展新质生产力的过程中,既要统筹布局整体发力,也要因地制宜协同攻关。
  • MIAO Yan WANG Yuxuan LI Zheng
    Journal of China Economics. 2024, 4(12): 204-234.
    Stimulating consumption potential and shifting from post-pandemic
    recovery to sustained expansion are key tasks for China’s economic work in 2024,
    as emphasized at the 2023 Central Economic Work Conference. Rural areas, an
    important part of the domestic consumer market, have huge consumption
    potential. The per capita consumption of rural residents in China keeps increasing,
    and the growth rate of rural consumption has always been higher than the national
    average. So, exploring the way to fully release the consumption potential of rural
    China is important. Meanwhile, digital inclusive finance is developing rapidly in
    China. A consensus has been reached on its role in promoting consumption growth
    and structural upgrading. However, problems like the large urban-rural gap and
    weak rural development still exist in China, which may lead to issues such as the
    widening income gap and digital divide caused by the development of digital
    inclusive finance. Especially, it’s uncertain whether the development of inclusive
    finance will increase the financial market participation of rural residents and its
    beneficial impact on consumption. Therefore, further studies on inclusive finance
    development, financial market participation and rural consumption are needed.
    Compared with existing literature, this paper has several key contributions. First,
    it integrates the “quantity” and “quality” of rural residents’ consumption into a
    unified framework to systematically explore the impact of digital inclusive

    finance on rural residents’ consumption. Second, it clarifies the indirect

    mechanism of digital inclusive finance in enhancing rural spending power by
    influencing rural residents’ purchase of financial products, enjoyment of financial
    services and obtaining formal credit. Third, it shows that the role of green finance
    varies in different environments. The results of ownership and regional
    heterogeneity provide additional policy insigh
    This paper constructs panel data regression models and latent variable structural
    equation models for empirical analysis. The data on financial inclusion is sourced
    from the Digital Inclusive Finance Index of China compiled by the Digital
    Finance Research Center of Peking University and other data is obtained from
    China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). Meanwhile, due to the incomplete data of
    the latest fifth round survey, and there were many missing values in the first two
    rounds of survey data. Therefore, this paper selected the survey data from the last
    three rounds, namely the 2014, 2016, and 2018 China Family Panel Studies. In
    summary, a balanced panel data was obtained covering three periods (2014,
    2016, and 2018), with a spatial span of 24 provinces and a total of 4406
    households, and number of samples are 13218.
    The paper found the following conclusions: (1) Digital inclusive finance can
    significantly increase the consumption scale of rural residents, and the results
    remain robust after testing. (2) The impact of digital inclusive finance on the scale
    and structure of rural residents’ consumption exhibits significant heterogeneity in
    different regional environments, education levels, and job categories. Specifically,
    the development of digital inclusive finance has a significant impact on the
    consumption of rural residents with relatively abundant financial resources and
    low to medium education levels; In addition, digital inclusive finance has a
    significant impact on the consumption structure of rural residents who are engaged
    in non-agricultural work. (3) Starting from the surplus and shortage sides of funds,
    constructing a structural equation model for mechanism analysis shows that
    investing in financial products and increasing credit scale are important pathways
    for digital inclusive finance to cultivate rural residents’ spending power. In
    particular, increasing the accessibility of rural credit not only expands the
    consumption scale of rural residents, but also helps upgrade their consumption
    structure. The conclusions of this paper provide new evidence for China’s policy of
    expanding domestic demand, which is of decision-making reference significance.

  • Journal of China Economics. 2024, 3(11): 147-183.
    提升绿色全要素能源效率是破解能源短缺与环境污染问题、推进生态文明体系建设的重要途径。本文基于2010~2020年中国271个地级及以上城市的面板数据,利用非期望SBM模型综合测算了各个城市的绿色全要素能源效率,并构建双重差分模型全面考察用能权交易制度对绿色全要素能源效率的影响及作用机制。研究显示,用能权交易制度能够显著提升城市绿色全要素能源效率,在经过平行趋势、安慰剂和工具变量法等一系列稳健性检验后该结论仍然成立。影响机制分析发现,用能权交易制度对绿色全要素能源效率的影响主要通过资源配置效应来实现,但命令控制型环境规制会削弱用能权交易制度的政策红利。异质性分析表明,用能权交易制度能够有效提升非资源型城市、衰退型和再生型资源型城市、省会都市圈内城市的绿色全要素能源效率,但对成长型和成熟型资源型城市、非省会都市圈内城市的影响不显著。在未来推动能源革命的进程中,应基于各类城市特征不断深化改革用能权交易市场机制,探索有效市场和有为政府的结合,推动能源要素高效配置与合理使用。
  • LU Jian XING Weibo
    Journal of China Economics. 2024, 4(12): 235-266.
    The question of whether domestic trade in China is more difficult to
    conduct than international trade is closely related to the study of the
    “productivity paradox”. The so-called ‘productivity paradox’ refers to the fact
    that Chinese enterprises that only sell domestically have higher productivity than
    those that export. These conclusions not only contradict a series of empirical
    research results based on developed countries by scholars, but also conflict with
    the theoretical conclusions of Melitz (2003). Although many scholars have
    explained this phenomenon from the perspective of Chinese companies setting up
    sales branches and processing trade overseas, the segmentation of the domestic
    market in China has led to high sales costs, and the phenomenon of “export to
    domestic sales” is widely seen in China. It is difficult to speculate whether there
    is a reason why domestic trade is more difficult to carry out than international
    trade.
    To answer the question of which is more difficult, domestic trade or international
    trade, the author of this article plans to use multiple gravity models to
    quantitatively analyze whether domestic trade in China is more difficult to

    conduct than international trade. By using various gravity models, accurate

    comparative analysis of the costs of domestic and international trade in China can
    be obtained. Considering the significant difference in transportation distance
    between domestic and international trade, we should compare the differences in
    other trade costs between domestic and international trade after excluding
    geographical distance. This approach can also correct the overestimation of the
    possibility of domestic trade due to smaller transportation distances, and fully
    utilize gravity models to control trade distances. The coefficient of the dummy
    variable reflecting the “boundary effect” in the gravity model can represent the
    impact of other costs of trade (which can be referred to as “transaction costs”) on
    trade, excluding geographical distance factors. Also compare and analyze the
    “transaction costs” of China’s domestic trade, international trade, and trade
    between countries around the world. This article calculates the trade volume
    between provinces in China based on the “value-added tax” data from the
    National Golden Tax Project.
    The research results show that China’s domestic trade does not have higher
    transaction costs than international trade, as some scholars speculate. On the
    contrary, even after controlling for the negative impact of geographical distance,
    China’s domestic trade is still easier to conduct than international trade. After
    controlling for other factors, domestic trade is 2.4 to 2.6 times higher than
    international trade. Using the spatial gravity model, we also found that with the
    development of the Chinese economy, the transaction costs of domestic trade are
    gradually decreasing compared to China’s international trade. The conclusion of
    this article can be seen as a direct negation of the speculation about the reasons
    for the “productivity paradox”, and also indicates that China is opening up its
    domestic circulation at a relatively faster pace. The development of the economy
    makes it more profitable to open up the domestic circulation in China than to
    engage in international circulation.
    The analysis results of this article prove that the similar economic system and
    relatively developed transportation network in China make domestic trade
    actually easier to carry out than international trade in various provinces of China.
    Although this conclusion is in line with people’s daily intuition, it breaks
    scholars’ speculation that the segmentation of the domestic market leads to
    Chinese companies prioritizing exports over domestic sales. Although market
    segmentation is common in China and has had a significant impact on its
    economic development, the distortion caused by market segmentation is not yet
    significant enough to make domestic trade more difficult to conduct than
    international trade. The spatial gravity model also shows that with the
    development of the economy, the trade cost of China’s domestic trade has
    significantly decreased compared to China’s international trade, indicating that
    China’s domestic trade has achieved relatively greater development from 2003 to
    2009. In recent years, China has continuously strengthened the construction of
    domestic circulation and a unified national market, built a large number of high
    speed railways to promote the flow of personnel and other factors, and carried
    out extensive business environment construction. Therefore, there should be a
    greater relative reduction in domestic trade costs. We should have more
    confidence in the current smooth domestic circulation and vigorous development
    of domestic trade.

  • CHEN Xiaodong WANG Fang MIAO Zhuang
    Journal of China Economics. 2024, 4(12): 267-308.
    Clarifying the source of agricultural growth is the premise and
    foundation of exploring the sustainable development of agriculture. The classic

    “all-in-one” indicator TFP in the black box is opened in this article by

    decomposing it into technology and efficiency components in terms of input/
    output variables, using growth accounting techniques. The focus of this article is
    on identifying various pathways through which technology and efficiency affect
    TFP and figuring out the most effective channel to boost productivity, which is
    hard to systemically recognize previously. The corresponding empirical
    approximation to the agricultural production frontier is constructed using selected
    country-level data while bounded-adjusted linear programming techniques are
    used to decompose observed country-level agricultural TFP growth into two
    components in terms of input/output variables: technology and efficiency.
    Notably, the resource and environment factors (footprints) are also considered as
    input/output variables estimated using the multi-region input-output model. Also,
    the ideas of value of environmental resources and externality theory are
    embodied in the framework. During the sample period across 2000-2014, it is
    found that leading country group has strongest agricultural productivity growth
    and global agricultural productivity progressed over time. Besides, the most
    effective way to boost world agricultural productivity is to promote the
    performance of technology associated with agricultural energy use and efficiency
    related to agricultural land.
    The productivity growth patterns and its two sources (technology and efficiency),
    as well as the components of individual variable exhibit measurable gaps, both
    from regional and temporal perspectives. Indeed, according to our classification,
    countries clustered into leading one (i. e., Developed, High-income, Urbanized
    group) are possessed with strongest historical productivity gains across the
    sample period. On the contrary, countries clustered into lagging one (i. e., Less
    developed, Lower middle-income and Agriculture-based group) exhibited the
    weakest productivity growth. Notably, different sources are quantitatively
    measured. Taking 43 economies across the sample period, both the technology
    and efficiency contribute to the productivity growth, whereas the effect of
    efficiency is more significant. In particular, the performance of technology
    associated with agricultural energy use and efficiency related to agricultural land
    is prominent. In terms of development level, varied growth patterns of
    productivity in developed and developing countries are exhibited. Technological

    progress of agricultural energy use in developed countries promotes most to their

    productivity progress, whereas efficiency progress of agricultural land exhibited
    prominent effects on developing economies. Such analysis can also be applied to
    other country groups in order to find out the most effective pathways to boost
    agricultural economy. Temporally, the whole sample period is divided into three
    sub-periods. Obviously, the agricultural productivity exhibited growing trends
    over time. Specifically, in the earliest period efficiency promoted productivity
    whereas the contribution of technology is negative. In the middle period,
    productivity growth mainly relies on positive efficiency while converse effect of
    technology impedes the productivity growth. In terms of the latest period, both
    the technology and efficiency have ameliorated positively to promote the
    productivity growth.

  • Journal of China Economics. 2025, 1(13): 26-58.
    党的二十大报告提出要健全就业促进机制,促进高质量充分就业。在人工智能迅速发展与渗透的背景下,以机器人为代表的人工智能技术应用是否会引致失业呢?本文基于中国工业企业数据与中国海关进出口数据,利用PSM-DID估计方法,从企业层面研究机器人应用对就业市场的影响。基准结果表明,机器人应用显著促进就业,企业应用机器人后,其岗位需求增加约28.85%。机制分析发现,机器人应用主要通过提高企业生产率及增加产出来促进就业。进一步研究表明,相较于劳动密集型及东部地区企业,非劳动密集型及中西部地区企业的机器人应用的就业促进作用更强。此外,本文还发现机器人应用不存在“挤出效应”,机器人应用并没有显著降低行业内非机器人应用企业的岗位需求。
  • Journal of China Economics. 2024, 4(12): 108-142.
    The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the
    Communist Party of China emphasized the establishment of a mechanism for the
    growth of future industrial investment, and specifically pointed out the need to
    improve the policy and governance system to promote the development of
    strategic industries such as new generation information technology and artificial
    intelligence. At present, the global economy is experiencing a wave of artificial
    intelligence applications of “machine substitution”, which is changing the state
    of global production and trade. This paper uses the CEPII BACI international

    trade database to calculate the ternary margin of exports of 67 countries (regions)

    around the world from 2002 to 2018, measures the quality of export products
    with price margins, and matches the industrial robot data released by the
    International Federation of Robotics to test the impact of artificial intelligence
    applications on the quality of export products. The results show that the
    application of artificial intelligence represented by industrial robots significantly
    improves the quality of export products. The results were robust and persisted
    after replacement of the core explanatory variable, replacement of the
    explanatory variable, the use of explanatory lag, PSM-DID, instrumental variable
    method to alleviate endogeneity problems, and placebo testing. It is found that
    the application of artificial intelligence can improve the quality of export
    products by improving the level of technological innovation, labor productivity
    and optimizing the allocation of resource factors. This paper further finds that the
    effect of AI application in improving the quality of export products needs to be
    supported by a high level of trade facilitation and a strong focus on innovative
    technologies. The analysis in this paper undoubtedly provides a useful reference
    for the development of artificial intelligence and the construction of a trade
    power.

  • Journal of China Economics. 2024, 3(11): 81-109.
    在数字经济时代下,中小企业高质量发展及其支持政策作为新的时代命题正在成为全球共识。本文围绕1978~2022年中央政府部门颁布的中小企业支持政策,搭建“政策时域—政策工具类型—府际关系—生命周期取向”分析框架,展开政策文本量化分析,探究我国中小企业发展的制度逻辑和政策着力点,从中萃取中国经济增长特色和规律性。结果表明,我国中小企业发展的制度逻辑在于“先发展后支持”,凸显“政策窗口效应”和“政策红利效应”。政策效应评价方面,供给型和环境型政策工具整体过溢,但科技和人才支持不足,以及存在需求型政策工具不足的总体结构失调;府际关系网络关联性与一致性持续增强,但核心部门的政策主导作用仍显不足;基于生命周期模型的分析显示过半政策工具为全周期导向,更可能作用于成长期和成熟期中小企业,凸显了“扶强”理念,也表明政策精准性有待提升。进一步分析中小企业的五种发展模式后,提出了生命周期取向、数字技术赋能、长效稳态机制的政策建议,以及该制度逻辑对于解释中国经济高增长和经济结构再平衡及未来政策取向的重要意义。
  • WU Zhuoyue HE Qinying
    Journal of China Economics. 2024, 4(12): 143-170.
    “Health is the most important indicator of a happy life,” and the
    Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of

    China clearly stated the need to “implement a health-priority development

    strategy.” Against this backdrop, we focus its research perspective on the
    physical health of workers. From the perspective of industrial robot applications,
    it examines the impact of artificial intelligence technology on workers’ physical
    health and conducts a series of mechanism tests and heterogeneity analyses. The
    research results indicate that the application of industrial robots has certain
    physical health effects; specifically, it positively affects workers’ physical health
    by improving the working environment and changing the nature of work, but it
    also negatively impacts workers’ physical health through decreased work income
    and increased working hours. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that household
    registration discrimination can “offset” the physical health benefits that routine
    work performers should otherwise obtain from the application of industrial
    robots. Additionally, this paper finds that “loosening” the constraints of
    household registration can become an important strategy to improve the health
    level of agricultural household registrants and narrow the welfare gap between
    urban and rural residents.

  • Journal of China Economics. 2025, 1(13): 59-80.
    金融是国民经济血脉,也是国家发展重器。本文从注重长期投资和价值投资的耐心资本出发,理论和实证相结合讨论耐心资本对实体企业金融化的影响。理论上,耐心资本通过为实体企业提供“长钱”支持,避免企业通过频繁的金融市场操作来维持短期利润表现与股东回报,这是其抑制实体企业金融化的逻辑所在。实证方面,利用2009~2022年上市公司数据,证实了耐心资本对实体企业金融化起到抑制作用,且该结论在经过一系列稳健性检验、内生性讨论后依然成立。进一步分析表明,耐心资本主要通过降低不确定性感知水平和风险承担水平来发挥作用,将金融化程度分为适度金融化和过度金融化后,耐心资本对实体企业过度金融化的抑制作用更加明显,经济后果分析证明了耐心资本具有稳定企业盈利波动率的效应。本文不仅从理论层面对耐心资本的定义、特征和作用等进行了深入分析,也为预防实体企业偏离主营业务、引导资本健康发展提供了重要的现实指引。
  • Journal of China Economics. 2024, 3(11): 184-222.
    本文以2007~2020年沪深A股非金融上市公司为样本,基于上市公司年报文本,采用机器学习和文本分析方法,构建企业诚信文化词库用于度量企业诚信文化,并研究诚信文化对企业金融资产投资的影响。研究发现,诚信文化对企业的金融资产投资行为具有显著的负向影响,且上述效应在非国有企业、内部治理较为完善以及机构投资者持股比例较高的企业中表现更加明显。进一步研究表明,缓解企业融资约束、降低企业经营风险、抑制企业管理者短视与自利行为和改善上市公司信息环境是企业诚信文化影响企业金融资产投资行为的重要路径。本文还发现,企业诚信文化作用的发挥离不开完善合理的公司治理结构;只有独立的机构投资者才能起到有效的外部监督作用;诚信文化主要是抑制基于“蓄水池”动机而不是“投资替代”动机的金融资产投资并优化了企业金融资产投资的结构。
  • ZHANG Qianqian
    Journal of China Economics. 2024, 4(12): 78-107.
    Currently, expanding “effective investment” has become a priority
    for the government. In this context, studying and analyzing how to stimulate
    enterprises’ willingness to invest and expand effective enterprise investment
    through external policies is of great practical significance for promoting the high
    quality development of both enterprises and the economy. The investment
    friction theory suggests that factors such as fixed costs, transaction costs, and
    adjustment costs faced by enterprises can restrict their investment decisions and
    hinder the achievement of investment goals. Under China's unique fiscal and
    taxation system, the government has both the motivation and the ability to
    intervene in the economic development of its jurisdiction. The quality of the local
    business environment determines the flow and agglomeration of essential
    resources, which significantly affects the development quality of enterprises in
    the region. Focusing on the tax domain, and while deepening tax reform, tax
    authorities have begun to address issues such as the high costs of tax compliance
    for enterprises and low levels of tax compliance. To tackle this problem, since
    2013, the country has issued a series of policy regulations aimed at optimizing

    the tax business environment. These reforms address multiple aspects, including

    the tax system, policies, and tax administration, with the goal of building a tax
    ecosystem that prioritizes the core interests of taxpayers.
    The “Decentralization, Regulation, and Service” reform of the tax system
    impacts enterprise effective investment through three aspects: “streamlining
    administration and delegating power”“combining decentralization with
    regulation” and “optimizing services”. Firstly, through “streamlining
    administration and delegating power”, the tax authorities have simplified tax
    related approvals and procedures, reducing the interference of government
    approval processes in enterprise investment activities. This has significantly
    lowered institutional transaction costs for enterprises, alleviated cash flow
    pressures, granted enterprises greater investment autonomy, and enhanced market
    regulation, thereby aligning investments more closely with company strategies
    and market demands. Secondly, by “combining decentralization with regulation”,
    barriers between various departments have been dismantled, shifting from post
    event crackdowns to preventive measures and increased tax supervision.
    Although heightened supervision may lead to short-term increases in tax burdens
    for some enterprises, which could reduce their willingness to invest, in the long
    run, a fair and just tax business environment will diminish rent-seeking behavior
    and promote better resource allocation, thereby enhancing enterprise investment
    expectations. Thirdly, through “optimizing services”, the tax authorities have
    developed targeted tax service plans for different types of enterprises, ensuring
    that tax incentives are effectively translated into business benefits. This approach
    meets the cash flow needs of enterprises and provides financial support for
    expanding effective investment. Additionally, the tax authorities have improved
    service quality and guided enterprises in tax-related matters. In conclusion, the
    “Decentralization, Regulation, and Service” reform of the tax system can liberate
    enterprises by optimizing the tax business environment, motivating them to
    expand effective investment in terms of both capacity and willingness. To verify
    this hypothesis, this paper analyzes A-share company data from 2012 to 2022,
    using the 2017 and 2018 reform as quasi-natural experiments. A multi-period
    difference-in-differences model is constructed to empirically test the impact and
    mechanisms of the optimized tax business environment on effective enterprise
    investment.
    Compared to existing literature, this paper makes the following marginal
    contributions: Firstly, it enriches the research on the tax business environment.
    While numerous scholars have studied the impact of the business environment on
    micro-enterprises, very few have focused specifically on the tax domain. This
    paper clarifies how optimizing the tax business environment influences enterprise
    investment behavior from a tax perspective, thereby expanding and enriching the
    current body of research. Secondly, this paper emphasizes effective investment
    and considers both the quantity and quality of investment. Merely requiring
    enterprises to continuously expand their investment scale may not necessarily
    benefit high-quality enterprise development. It is equally important to focus on
    investment efficiency and address issues of underinvestment and overinvestment.
    This paper empirically tests the impact and mechanisms of optimizing the tax
    business environment on both the scale and efficiency of enterprise investment,
    and in its expanded analysis, examines whether this optimization can genuinely
    promote high-quality enterprise development. Thirdly, this paper utilizes the
    “Decentralization, Regulation, and Service” reform of the tax system as a quasi
    natural experiment, employing a multi-period DID method to analyze the impact
    of optimizing the tax business environment on enterprise investment. This
    approach helps alleviate potential endogeneity issues and provides valuable
    insights for optimizing the tax business environment, stimulating enterprise
    investment, and promoting the high-quality development of both enterprises and
    the economy.
    The research conclusions of this paper are as follows: Firstly, compared to non
    pilot areas, the scale and efficiency of investment by enterprises in pilot areas
    have significantly improved, indicating that the optimization of the tax business
    environment is conducive to increasing both the quantity and quality of
    enterprise investment. These results remain robust after a series of tests.
    Secondly, through mechanism testing, it is found that the optimization of the tax
    business environment primarily expands the scale of enterprise investment by
    reducing financing constraints and enhances investment efficiency by curtailing
    managerial rent-seeking behavior. Thirdly, heterogeneity testing reveals that the
    policy effect is more pronounced in regions with strong tax collection and
    management, low levels of marketization, as well as among large-scale
    enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises. Fourthly, in the expanded analysis,
    it is found that optimizing the tax business environment not only expands
    effective investment but also improves total factor productivity and promotes
    high-quality development for enterprises. Based on these conclusions, the the
    “Decentralization, Regulation, and Service” reform of the tax system has proven
    effective and can be gradually implemented nationwide. Finally, this paper offers
    policy recommendations for building a favorable tax business environment,
    focusing on promoting tax legalization, modernizing services, and enhancing
    informatization in tax collection and management.

  • Journal of China Economics. 2024, 3(11): 251-283.
    平台直播生态(Platform Live-streaming Ecology,PLE)在注意力经济的催化之下繁荣发展。然而,PLE中多元化主体对异质化资源的整合难免存在资源滥用,引发价值共毁。本文旨在揭露PLE自组织的演化机制,强化PLE价值共毁的治理,从自组织理论入手,对PLE的自组织演化过程展开探讨,并且提出治理路径规避价值共毁的发生。研究发现,PLE内部存在开放性、动态性、协同性、创新性的相互作用;维持机制与创新机制构成了PLE的演化过程;内外部动力推动PLE的走向——价值涌现。同时,发现资源滥用是PLE价值共毁的核心原因。在此基础上,本文提出了一个治理价值共毁的系统路径模型,包括微观治理与宏观治理两条主体路径,以及信息技术生态治理路径和保障机制治理路径。本文关注异质性主体所引发的价值共毁风险,利用管理研究提出治理模型能够进一步推进管理学的现实应用。
  • Journal of China Economics. 2025, 1(13): 189-217.
    面对老年人口基数增大、老龄化速度加快并将给经济社会发展带来严峻挑战的紧迫现实,党的二十届三中全会明确提出,加快发展多层次多支柱养老保险体系。本文基于世代交叠模型构建了关于城乡养老保险统筹与农村家庭经济韧性的理论模型,并以2013年、2015年和2017年中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据为样本,利用双重差分模型实证检验城乡养老保险统筹对农村家庭经济韧性的影响。研究结果显示,城乡养老保险统筹有助于促进农村家庭经济韧性提升。异质性分析发现,城乡养老保险统筹对于中等社会保障水平地区、中年家庭以及中低收入水平家庭的影响更大。机制分析表明,城乡养老保险统筹既能减轻短期风险冲击,也能通过增加家庭金融资产配置与调整生计策略来培育农村家庭的长期发展能力,从而提升农村家庭经济韧性。本文的研究发现对优化社会保险制度设计、促进城乡融合发展具有政策启示。
  • XU Canyu HU Hongyan LIANG Shangkun
    Journal of China Economics. 2024, 4(12): 171-203.
    The report from the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party
    of China highlighted high-quality development as the primary objective in
    building a modern socialist country. It outlined strategic plans to advance this
    goal. A key focus is to “establish a high-level socialist market economic system,

    enhance the basic socialist economic structure, steadfastly strengthen the public

    economy, and vigorously support and guide the non-public economy.”
    Additionally, it emphasized that “promoting green and low-carbon economic and
    social development is crucial for achieving high-quality development.” In recent
    years, this initiative has become a national strategic priority. On August 11, 2024,
    the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council
    issued the “Opinions on Accelerating the Comprehensive Green Transformation
    of Economic and Social Development,” marking the first comprehensive plan for
    a nationwide green transformation. This provides a clear direction for enterprises
    and raises expectations for corporate ESG investments and sustainable development
    practices. As a vital component of China’s socialist market economy, the private
    enterprise has contributed over 50% of taxes, 60% of GDP, 70% of technological
    innovations, 80% of urban employment, and 90% of enterprises since the reform
    and opening-up. Promoting the green transformation of private enterprises is
    crucial for high-quality economic growth. One effective approach is integrating
    environmental, social, and governance (ESG) responsibilities into corporate
    decision-making. Improving the ESG performance of private enterprises is
    essential for their green transformation and high-quality development, making
    this exploration significant in both theory and practice.
    Current research on corporate ESG performance investigates internal factors like
    high-capacity managers and institutional investor shareholdings, alongside
    external factors like environmental tax laws, air pollution, and green bond
    issuance. Equity structure is foundational to corporate governance (Shleifer and
    Vishny, 1986). The integration of state-owned, collective capital and non-public
    capital can optimize equity structures and create effective governance
    mechanisms. Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central
    Committee emphasized developing a mixed-ownership economy, the Chinese
    government has issued policies to promote this integration. Among them, the
    “Opinions of the State Council on the Development of Mixed-Ownership
    Economy by State-owned Enterprises” clearly pointed out that “state-owned
    capital is encouraged to invest in non-state-owned enterprises in various ways
    and actively develop a mixed-ownership economy.” State-owned capital
    investment in private enterprises is a critical aspect of mixed-ownership economy
    development. However, few studies focus on how such investments influence the
    ESG performance of private enterprises from an equity perspective.
    This paper examines the impact of state-owned capital shareholders on the ESG
    performance of private enterprises, using data from Chinese A-share private
    listed companies from 2008 to 2021. Findings indicate that state-owned capital
    shareholders significantly enhance ESG performance. Mechanism tests reveal
    that state-owned capital improves ESG performance by alleviating financing
    constraints and optimizing the information environment. Further analysis shows
    that when private enterprises face high internal business uncertainty, state-owned
    capital shareholders have a stronger impact on ESG performance. In regions with
    less developed non-state economies, the influence of state-owned capital is more
    pronounced. This study highlights the pivotal role of state-owned capital in
    fostering the sustainable development of private enterprises and underscores the
    importance of mixed ownership reform in driving the green transformation of the
    economy and society. The possible research contributions of this paper are: First,
    this paper expands the research on the economic consequences of mixed
    ownership reform of private enterprises from the perspective of ESG
    performance. Second, we enrich the research on factors affecting ESG
    performance from the perspective of equity change. Third, this paper explores the
    internal mechanism of how state-owned capital investing in private enterprises
    affects the ESG performance of enterprises, providing more direct evidence for
    how state-owned capital can help private enterprises transform into green and
    low-carbon enterprises.

  • Journal of China Economics. 2025, 1(13): 106-128.
    完善上市公司信息披露制度是深化我国资本市场改革的重要内容。信息披露不仅是资本市场信息效率与投资者权益的重要保障,也能够对公司经营决策产生显著影响。本文基于上海证券交易所2015~2021年发布的《行业信息披露指引》构建行业信息披露的代理变量,实证检验行业信息披露对企业金融化的影响,研究发现:行业信息披露能够抑制企业金融化,且在市场竞争较强环境下对管理层经验较少的企业的金融化抑制作用更强。机制检验发现,行业信息披露通过学习模仿效应和提升信息透明度来抑制企业金融化。进一步研究发现,行业信息披露促进了实业投资,提升了投资效率,帮助企业“脱虚向实”,表明行业信息披露对公司经营起到促进作用。本文的研究结论不仅丰富了行业信息披露的经济后果,还探索了行业信息披露对企业投资决策的影响机制,为监管部门进一步深化行业信息披露监管提供了决策参考。
  • Journal of China Economics. 2025, 1(13): 129-163.
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